When I took up guitar as a high school kid in 1968, rock music had entered it's golden age. for real the influence of Chicago-style blues was huge, and had been for any years [particularly in Great Britain], but rock musicians were searching for ideas and inspiration from other genres as well, together with classical [The Moody Blues, Procol Harum] country/western [The Byrds], Afro/Cuban [Santana] and Indian [experiments by The Beatles and others]. But, the blues notwithstanding, it was the influence of jazz that made the biggest impression on the music and musicians of the late '60's and early '70's.
Instrumental carrying out became a focus of interest for many during this period. The virtuosity of players such as Eric Clapton, Mitch Mitchell, Jimi Hendrix, and Jack Casady was being recognized and applauded by audiences, and rock musicians began looking and listening to new heroes among jazz's elite players. Long, improvised instrumental jams became the norm during live rock shows. Jazz tunes were being covered by rock bands [Tito Puente's Oye Como Va by Santana, Roland Kirk's Serenade to a Cuckoo by Jethro Tull]. The Iim7-V7 chord progression, the backbone of jazz harmony, began appearing in pop tunes. Brass rock bands Chicago Transit Authority [soon to be Chicago] and Blood, Sweat and Tears were writing jazz-rock songs, i.e. Rock tunes but arranging them in a jazz fashion, replete with bop solos, odd time signatures, sophisticated chord changes and swing grooves.
Santana
Jazz players had been recording on rock and pop sessions for years as anonymous session players, not for their jazz sensibilities but for their reading skills. But in the late '60's and 70's jazz musicians began appearing on rock records as featured players. Van Morrison's critically acclaimed Astral Weeks album featured bassist Richard Davis and drummer Connie Kay [of modern Jazz Quartet fame], John Payne on reeds and Walter Smith, Jr. On vibes. Phil Woods soloed on Steely Dan's Dr. Wu and Billy Joel's Just the Way You Are. Yusef Lateef played on Leon Redbone's double Time, and Charles Lloyd on The Doors Verdillac. And Joni Mitchell used personnel from Weather description on 2 albums in the late '70's, together with her collaboration with Charles Mingus in '79.
Mitchell was just one of any rock artists whose music reflected the influence of jazz. Carlos Santana recorded Caravanserai in 1972, a fusion of jazz, salsa and rock. He had recently become enamored with the music of John Coltrane and Miles Davis, and his new music expressed this interest. He collaborated on projects with John McLaughlin and Alice Coltrane [which included Jack DeJohnette and Dave Holland]. The release in 1975 of Blow By Blow signaled Jeff Beck's transformation from rock guitar icon to jazz fusion innovator. And, of course, there was Walter Becker and Donald Fagan of Steely Dan, who acknowledged jazz influences from the beginning of their recording careers. And with each successive album, the Steely Dan roster included an increasing number of heavy jazz players, contributing not only in section work but arrangements and solos as well.
Jazz Influenced Rock Music Of the Late 1960's and 1970's
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